Sherazi, 4 attaul haq, 1 muhammad saeed, 1 muhammad sulman, 1 muhammad rizwan, 2. Pdf seedling age impact on growth and yield of bitter gourd. Bitter gourd tolerates a wide range of soil types but prefers a welldrained sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter. Bitter gourd grows very fast and vines elongate rapidly in two weeks after planting. Fertilizer application rates depend on soil type, fertility level, and soil organic matter.
The role of bitter melon traditionally, has been as a food and medicine. Jan 10, 2011 bitter gourd is a collection of seventeen stories which explore the worlds of pakistanis in karachi and its environs and of pakistani immigrants in new york. Bitter gourd grows well in hot and humid climates, so it is mainly distributed in the yangtze river basin and farther south. Bitter melon is a subtropical and tropical vine of the family of cucurbitaceae. Bitter gourd is a fast growing warm seasonal climbing annual, native to south asia. If you have the space you can start seeds in a greenhouse and transplant. In this post you will get lecture wise pdf of different topics in production technology of vegetables pdf in the end of the post you will get full book pdf of production technology of vegetables. Bitter gourd is popular due to its medicinal properties. Its many varieties differ substantially in the shape and bitterness of the fruit. It may fail or take a long time to germiante if the soil temperature is too low.
Fruit rot during rainy season can be checked by training the plants over the bamboo stick or dried branches. After cultivation weeding can be done by hoeing as and when necessary. Bitter gourd, also called bitter melon, has an acquired taste. In the dpph radical scavenging assay, the activity of the positive control, ascorbic acid, was the highest 200 mgml, followed by the leaf, the green fruit, the stem, and the ripe fruit fractions of the bitter gourd. Bitter gourd crop diseases and their control agropedia. Efficient and ecological cultivation techniques of bitter gourd. The cultivation of bitter gourd remains a favourite among a set of farmers in trichy district.
Growing bitter gourd a beginners guide kisan central. Because of the fast ripening process long distance transportation is difficult and therefore local production should be developed. Hort 281 lecture 11 origin, area, production, varieties, package of practices for bitter gourd. A local type of bitter gourd known as jhaar karela is found climbing on bushes in sandy area as a wild plant. Pdf antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. Guangdong, guangxi, fujian, hainan, jiangxi, hunan and sichuan provinces are the major cultivation areas of bitter gourd. Although its bitter taste might turn some people away, nonetheless, it truely can sweeten your health through virtue of its disease preventing and health promoting phytochemical compounds. Bitter gourd has important role as a source of carbohydrate, proteins, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients in human diet ali et al. The bitter gourd can be used to treat diabetes mellitus and appears to be a safe alternative to reduce blood glucose 35. Bitter gourd balsam pear bitter melon is a young, tender, edible fruitpod in the momordica genus of climbing vines. Even though disliked by almost all, karela has a lot of vitamins and also certain minerals like iron, copper and potassium which makes it a great option for diabetics to have. Thereby, it significantly reduces the risk of heart attack and stroke. Some have called it bitter gourd or bitter cucumber. The best medium for the seeds is a fertile, welldrained soil with a ph ranging from 5.
According to the bitter gourd largescale rapid seedling growing method, the waterretaining performance, the permeability and the antibacterial property of. Ethnobotanical uses in india suggest that this crop can lower blood sugar. Suggested cultural practices for bitter gourd by m. Bitter cucumber, balsam pear momordica charantia l. Bitter gourd is one of the most popular vegetables in southeast asia and china. Proper, regular manure and nutrient application will result in good quality of fruits and higher yield. Bitter gourd inhibits the enzymes that are involved in fragmenting down the disaccharides to two monosaccharides, thus decreasing the quantity of glucose released into the blood. It should be in a frostfree area and will prefer the climate with. Fruits are long and green with the distal end being greenish. Bitter gourds are very low in calories but dense with precious nutrients. Supplement wellrotten farm yard manure of 25 tonnes per hectare land along with 12 dose of n 35kg, full dose of p2o5 25 kg and k2o 25 kg.
Aug 22, 2018 we give you some amazing benefits of bitter gourd. The fruit is a good source of iron, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin b. The invention provides a breeding and cultivation method for bitter gourds. Just like we add doodhi to the batter, here we will add grated bitter gourd and make karela muthias, you wont even know the difference. Cn103858647a bitter gourd largescale rapid seedling. The role of bitter melon traditionally, has been as a.
Native to china or india, the fastgrowing vine is grown throughout asia and is becoming popular worldwide. Cultivation in pit sow two or three seeds per hole at a depth of 2 cm. Antidiabetic effects of momordica charantia bitter melon. Bitter melon seed has hard skin and needs warmmoist soil conditions during germination. Growing gourds ridge gourd, bitter gourd and snake gourd. On the lower surface of the leaves circular patches or spots appear. This farmer has adopted the wild cultivar and brought it under commercial cultivation. Karela bitter gourd is an important vegetable in south indian states, particularly in kerala and is grown for its immature tuberculate fruits which have a unique bitter taste. Prepare beds that are 20cmhigh during the dry season and 30 cm or higher during the wet season with a mixture of compost and npk fertilizers, using a plow or mechanical bed shaper. Bitter melon can be grown in tennessee both greenhouse and field, seeds can be directly started in the soil in late spring early summer. Lowers bad cholesterol levels bangalorebased nutritionist, dr. Preparation of field plough the field to fine tilth and dig pits of 30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm size at 2 x 1.
It is normally grown as an annual crop, but can perform as a perennial. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of bitter gourd fruit extracts at three different cultivation stages syed ali raza naqvi, 1 shafaqat ali, 2, 3 tauqir a. It also maintains the blood pressure of the body as it is rich in potassium, which absorbs excessive sodium in the body. The study used both descriptive and functional analysis to achieve the objectives of the study. Sep 03, 2012 bitter gourd area under cultivation the important bitter gourd growing states are maharashtra, gujarat, rajasthan, punjab, tamil nadu, kerela, karnataka, andhra pradesh, west bengal, orissa, assam. Bay leaf cultivation income tej patta, project report. This disease is favored by high humidity and tends to occur on older leaves first symptoms. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of. Put the washed and peeled gourd on a chopping board and chop them in small 12 inch sized pieces with a sharp knife. The following information is all about growing bitter gourd. Wild or smallfruited cultivated forms, however, are mentioned in ayurvedic texts written in indian sanskrit from 2000 to 200 bce by members of the indoaryan culture deckerwalters 1. Bitter gourd bitter melon nutrition facts and health benefits. Wild bitter gourd, momordica charantia, or bitter melon is a tropical vegetable native to asia.
The plant is grown mainly for the immature fruits although the young leaves and tips are edible. But it will tolerate any soil that provides a good drainage system sandy loam soil, but it will grow in areas with poorer soils. According to the usda, 100 grams of bitter gourd has about 34 calories with milligram sodium, 602 grams potassium, 7 grams total carbohydrate and 3. High yielding variety released from the kerala agricultural university. The invention discloses a bitter gourd largescale rapid seedling growing method which includes the steps of seed germination accelerating, seedling growing nutrient soil preparing, bowl loading seeding, seedling management and the like. It is one of the popular vegetables grown in southeast asia and it is native to china and india regions. Bitter gourd contains an insulinlike compound called polypeptidep or pinsulin, that may help prevent blood sugar spikes naturally. Bitter gourd contains an insulinlike compound called polypeptidep or. Bitter gourd is useful for diabetes and lever problem. Bitter gourd farming information guide asia farming. Half hardy perennial commonly grown as a half hardy annual by gardeners. Bitter gourd project report, cultivation cost, profit karela tea farming project report, cost, profits details. Bitter melon, balsam apple, balsam pear, bitter gourd, cundeamor, gac. Bitter melon bitter gourd, balsam pear, ku gua, foo gwah.
Gourd varieties like ridge gourd, bitter gourd and snake gourd are some of the popular vegetables which can be very easily grown in the home garden. Curry banana cultivation income raw banana, and yield. Introduction bitter gourd is a popular vegetable in some asian countries originated indian subcontinent tropical and subtropical vine of the family cucurbitaceae 1262014 3 4. Jul 28, 2014 bitter gourd mosaic small irregular yellowish patches are on the leaves some leaves show vein clearing in one or two lobes of the leaf transmitted by five species of aphids control spraying the crop just after germination with monocrotophos or phosphamidon 0. December 2016 bulletin of university of agricultural sciences and veterinary medicine clujnapoca. It is an excellent source of vitamins b1, b2, and b3, c, magnesium, folic acid, zinc, phosphorus, manganese, and has high dietary fiber. Origin, area, production, varieties, package of practices for bitter gourd syn. Transplant about 15 days old seedlings to the main field.
Moreover, seed harvest should be scheduled in the early harvest stage to achieve large seed size. A compound known as charantin present in the bitter gourd is used in the treatment of diabetes to lower blood sugar levels. In severe cases, these spread, coalesce and cover both the surfaces. July 24, 20bitter gourd bitter melon or karela, is a very useful vegetable. However, now it is considered of indomalayan origin. Bitter gourd recipes south indian bitter gourd recipes. Pdf the influence of cultivation method on crop production. The medicinal benefits of the gourd are being studied as a treatment for infectious diseases and diabetes. It is known for its medicinal value for diabetic patients.
Jul 24, 20 the agronomists advised to the farmers to start early cultivation agiti kasht. Bitter gourd melon nutrition facts bitter gourd balsam pear bitter melon is a young, tender, edible fruitpod in the momordica genus of climbing vines. Origin of the crop is unknown, but it is widely spread throughout the tropics. Though many farmers go ahead with its cultivation becau. Gujaratis love their muthias, but no one has tried to make them with bitter gourd.
Bitter gourd has importance as vegetable and medicinal plant as well. To prepare bitter gourd for cooking, wash thoroughly, then cut in half lengthwise and scrape out the seeds with a sharp spoon or corer and discard. The study divulged that bitter gourd production was profitable in the study areas. Early cultivation of bitter gourd karela agriculture. The gourd can be chopped into big chunks or small pieces as per the recipe. Efficient and ecological cultivation techniques of bitter. The immature gourds and tender vine tips are consumed as a cooked vegetable.
Soil sandy loam soils rich in organic matter with good drainage and ph range of 6. The distribution and application of bitter gourd in china. Its cultivated around the world for its edible fruit, which is considered a more. Cn104798682a breeding and cultivation method for bitter. Bitter gourd know all about bitter gourd at ndtv food. Construction of environmentfriendly and resourcesaving cultivation techniques is the key to sustainable development of agriculture and the ecological environment. Use 200 gauge poly bags of 10 cm diameter x 10 cm height for sowing the seeds. Bitter gourd momordica charantia is one of the most popular vegetables in southeast asia fig. Bitter gourd requires a balance of nutrients from organic and chemical fertilizers. Production technology of vegetables crop free pdf download. Bitter gourd tolerates a wide range of soil but prefers a well drained sandy loam soil rich in organic matter. Bottle gourd cultivation practices sowing time for growing bottle gourd. Bitter melon also known as bitter gourd or momordica charantia is a tropical vine that belongs to the gourd family and is closely related to zucchini, squash, pumpkin, and cucumber.
Bitter gourd is a lowcalorie vegetable, with only 24 calories in a 1cup serving of cooked, diced gourd. Tropic and subtropical regions of asia, australasia and africa. Pointed gourd cultivation is more remunerative in triangular staking system practical utility of innovation 1it is low cost as compared to other trailing system. The influence of cultivation method on crop production of bitter gourd momordica charantia l. They advised to the farmers to choose early sowing. Organic bitter gourd cultivation in kerala youtube. Bitter gourd in chennai manufacturers and suppliers india. To assess the chemical and nutritional composition of the selected bitter gourd types in the fresh and dried form, the following parameters were determined i. Its nutrients are mainly carbohydrates, with a small amount of protein and a trace of fat. Charantia bitter melon or bitter gourd figure 1 is a flowering vine in the family cucurbitaceae. In specialty asian markets, it may be known as karela. It is a member of the cucurbit family along with cucumber, squash, watermelon, and muskmelon. This melon is also known as bitter gourd, bitter squash, goya melon, karela, and. Bitter gourd is a direct sown vegetable but polythene bag nursery is more advantageous to get early marketing and to avoid more gap filling.
Anju sood, says, bitter gourd juice is antiinflammatory and also helps in lowering the bad cholesterol levels in the body. This disease is favored by high humidity and tends to occur on older leaves first. The plant also has a rich amount of vitamin a, vitamin. Bitter gourd area under cultivation the important bitter gourd growing states are maharashtra, gujarat, rajasthan, punjab, tamil nadu, kerela, karnataka, andhra pradesh, west. Bitter melon increases the renewal of betacells in the pancreas, or is involved in. It is rich in iron, contains twice the betacarotene of broccoli, twice the calcium of spinach, and twice the potassium of a banana. Rise in bitter gourd cultivation in trichy trichy news. Bitter gourd has antidiabetic properties that may keep blood sugar levels in control. Bitter gourd cultivation free download as powerpoint presentation. Bitter gourd tolerates a wide range of soils but prefers a welldrained sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter. Bitter gourd juice benefits for health in diabetes. According 10 zeven and zhukovsky 1975 the origin of bitter gourd remains unidentified.
The remaining half dose of n 35 kg should be applied in several. Sandy loam soils rich in organic matter with good drainage and ph range of 6. It is a tropical plant that is widely cultivated in asia, india, east africa, and south america for its intensely bitter fruits that are commonly used in cooking and as a. However, by putting in a little more effort you will enjoy a great yield from the same plant from which you used to harvest very few fruits only. The lack of a unique set of indoaryan words indicates that the aryans did not know bitter melon before entering india walters and deckerwalters 1988. Bitter gourd bitter melon nutrition facts and health. These results suggest the optimum sowing date late february to late march, plant density 30,00035,000 plants ha1 and fruit set per plant 3 fruits for seed production of bitter gourd in spring season. In order to explore the efficient and ecological hainan bitter gourd cultivation patterns, our laboratory had conducted production comparative study for two consecutive years 20102011 using reyan no. Each 1cup serving of bitter gourd also contains moderate amounts of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and a tiny amount of iron. To assess the chemical and nutritional composition of the selected bitter gourd types in the fresh and dried form, the following parameters were. The lack of a unique set of indoaryan words indicates that the aryans did not know bitter melon before.
In a field management process after field planting, when vine branching occurs for more than four times or young fruits are found, the young fruits are timely removed and the branches which are less than 1 mm are removed, so that the rest of branches grow healthily and strongly into relatively strong branches until the. Considered one of the most nutritious gourds, the plant has medicinal properties. Protocols for bitter gourd cultivation in greenhouses in temperate regions are missing. Of all the vegetables found in the kitchen, bitter gourd stands as a different vegetable. Though many farmers go ahead with its cultivation because of good profit, some are forced to. According to the bitter gourd largescale rapid seedling growing method, the waterretaining performance, the permeability and the antibacterial property of nutrient soil are good, the abundant nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic materials are contained, various nutrients required by seedling emerging of bitter. The most modern hindi indian language term karela may ultimately. The results showed mature bitter gourd fruit extract in 100%.
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